What is a Hydroxybutyric acid (C₄H₈O₃)?

Hydroxybutyric acid (C₄H₈O₃), commonly referred to as γ-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB), is a naturally occurring short-chain fatty acid and a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system. It is structurally similar to the inhibitory neurotransmitter GABA and is involved in regulating sleep, consciousness, and energy metabolism.

In medicine, GHB has been used as a sedative, anesthetic adjunct, and in the treatment of narcolepsy under strict medical supervision. It promotes deep sleep and may help control symptoms of sleep disorders.

However, due to its strong sedative effects, GHB has also been misused recreationally and is known as a "date rape drug" because of its ability to induce unconsciousness and amnesia. As a result, its production, possession, and use are strictly regulated in many countries.

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