What is a Hydroquinone (chemical formula: C₆H₄(OH)₂)?

Hydroquinone (chemical formula: C₆H₄(OH)₂), also known as 1,4-benzenediol, is an aromatic organic compound with two hydroxyl groups positioned para (opposite) on a benzene ring. It appears as a white or slightly brown crystalline powder and is soluble in water and alcohol.

Major Applications:
✅ Skin lightening agent:
Widely used in dermatology and cosmetics to treat hyperpigmentation by inhibiting melanin production. Usage is regulated due to potential side effects.
✅ Photographic developer:
Acts as a reducing agent to convert silver ions to metallic silver during photo development.
✅ Polymer stabilizer:
Used as an antioxidant in the production of plastics and rubbers.
✅ Industrial uses:
Also used in the production of dyes, rubber chemicals, and agricultural agents.

✅ Safety & Precautions:
Prolonged or high-concentration exposure can cause skin irritation and ochronosis (bluish-black discoloration). Its use in cosmetics is restricted or banned in some countries like the EU. Proper PPE such as gloves and goggles is recommended, and it should be stored away from heat and light.

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