What is a Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) ?

Ammonium chloride (NH₄Cl) is an inorganic compound composed of ammonium ions (NH₄⁺) and chloride ions (Cl⁻), appearing as colorless or white crystalline solid. It is highly soluble in water, and its solution exhibits weak acidity. Ammonium chloride is widely used in various industries, including chemicals, pharmaceuticals, and food processing. Its main applications include being a raw material in fertilizers, as well as being used in metal surface treatments (especially for aluminum), as a flux in welding, and as a cooling agent. It is also used in medicinal products, such as gargles for soothing sore throats and in inhalation therapy for respiratory treatments.

Ammonium chloride releases ammonia gas (NH₃) when heated to high temperatures, so proper care is needed in handling. It is highly hygroscopic, meaning it readily absorbs moisture, and should be stored in a dry environment. In pharmaceutical applications, ammonium salts like ammonium chloride are used in treatments for lung diseases and as fever-reducing agents.

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