What is a Azobenzene (chemical formula: C₆H₅−N=N−C₆H₅)?

Azobenzene (chemical formula: C₆H₅−N=N−C₆H₅) is an organic compound composed of two benzene rings linked by an azo group (−N=N−). It appears as a vivid orange to reddish crystalline solid and is one of the most well-known azo compounds. A distinctive feature of azobenzene is its reversible photoisomerization—it can switch between trans and cis forms when exposed to light. This property makes it useful in the design of light-responsive materials, molecular switches, photochromic systems, and liquid crystal devices. It is also used in dyes, pigments, and functional polymers.

Azobenzene is relatively stable and easy to handle, but due to its light-sensitive nature, it should be stored in dark containers. It has moderate toxicity, so long-term exposure and ingestion should be avoided. Protective equipment like gloves and goggles, along with good ventilation, is recommended when handling.

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