What is a Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂)?

Aniline (C₆H₅NH₂) is an aromatic amine composed of a benzene ring attached to an amino group (−NH₂). It is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid that darkens upon exposure to air due to oxidation. It has a slightly fishy, characteristic odor. Aniline is historically significant as a precursor to synthetic dyes (especially azo dyes) and is still widely used in the chemical industry today. Applications include the production of pharmaceuticals, rubber processing chemicals, agrochemicals, and polyurethane materials.

Due to its toxicity and ease of absorption through skin and lungs, proper protective equipment and ventilation are essential during handling. High exposure can lead to methemoglobinemia, a condition where oxygen transport in the blood is impaired.

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