What is a Nitrophenol (C₆H₄(NO₂)OH)?

Nitrophenol (C₆H₄(NO₂)OH) is a compound formed by the addition of a nitro group (NO₂) to phenol (C₆H₆OH), which consists of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-OH) attached. There are several isomers of nitrophenol, including ortho-nitrophenol, meta-nitrophenol, and para-nitrophenol, depending on the position of the nitro group on the benzene ring.

Nitrophenol is an important intermediate in chemical synthesis and is widely used in the manufacture of dyes and pesticides. It is also utilized in the production of herbicides and fungicides. Additionally, trinitrophenol (TNP), a derivative of nitrophenol, plays a critical role in the manufacture of dynamite. Due to its solubility in water, nitrophenol can be harmful to the environment, and its handling requires proper care to avoid contamination and toxic effects.

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