What is a Barbituric acid (C₇H₆N₂O₃)?

Barbituric acid (C₇H₆N₂O₃) is an organic compound and serves as the basic structure for the synthesis of barbiturate drugs, which are used for sedative, hypnotic, and anticonvulsant purposes. Barbituric acid itself is a colorless crystalline substance that is odorless but toxic and should be handled with care. The derivatives of barbituric acid are known as barbiturates, which act on the central nervous system to induce sedation and sleep. Barbiturates were once widely used, but due to the high risks of dependence and overdose, their use has been significantly restricted, and alternative drugs are more commonly prescribed today.

Barbituric acid itself is not used pharmacologically, but is primarily utilized as an intermediate in the synthesis of various pharmaceuticals. Many barbiturates are still used in specific therapeutic areas, particularly for anesthesia and the treatment of severe anxiety.

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