What is a Sodium Fluorescein (C₂₀H₁₀Na₂O₅)?

Sodium fluorescein is a water-soluble fluorescent dye derived from fluorescein, with the chemical formula C₂₀H₁₀Na₂O₅. It emits a bright yellow-green fluorescence when dissolved in liquids and exposed to light, making it highly useful in medical diagnostics, environmental monitoring, and scientific research. In medicine, it is most widely used in ophthalmology. When applied as eye drops, it helps detect corneal injuries. In fluorescein angiography, it is injected into the bloodstream to highlight blood vessels in the retina, aiding in the diagnosis of retinal disorders.

Environmentally, sodium fluorescein is employed as a tracer to monitor water flow and detect leaks in pipelines. Its strong visibility even at low concentrations makes it ideal for tracking rivers, underground water flow, and potential environmental contamination.

The dye is considered to be low in toxicity and generally safe for use. However, mild allergic reactions or temporary side effects such as nausea or rash may occur, particularly with intravenous use. Medical supervision is recommended when used internally.

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