What is a Boron trichloride (BCl₃)?

Boron trichloride (BCl₃) is a colorless to slightly yellow gas with a pungent and irritating odor. It consists of one boron atom and three chlorine atoms. BCl₃ is highly reactive, especially with moisture in the air, forming hydrogen chloride (HCl) and boric acid. This makes it essential to store and handle it in airtight containers under dry conditions.

As a strong Lewis acid, BCl₃ is widely used in organic synthesis, particularly as a catalyst for acylation and alkylation reactions. It also serves in deprotecting functional groups. In the semiconductor industry, BCl₃ is used for plasma etching and cleaning of silicon wafers due to its ability to react with metal oxides.

Despite its usefulness, BCl₃ is hazardous. Inhalation can cause severe respiratory irritation, and the HCl gas it generates is also toxic. Proper ventilation and protective gear are essential when handling it. Its unique properties make it a valuable tool in both chemical synthesis and high-tech manufacturing.

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