What is a Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃)?

Aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃) is a white inorganic compound composed of aluminum and oxygen. Naturally found as the mineral corundum, it forms precious gemstones such as rubies and sapphires. It is extremely hard—second only to diamond—making it ideal for abrasives and cutting tools. Industrially, Al₂O₃ is extracted from bauxite and serves as an intermediate in aluminum production. Due to its high melting point (~2072°C), thermal stability, and chemical inertness, it is used in refractory materials and electrical insulators. It also plays a key role in ceramic components, electronic substrates, and semiconductor manufacturing.

Thanks to its biocompatibility, Al₂O₃ is used in medical implants such as artificial joints and dental ceramics. As a fine powder, it is also used in chromatography as an adsorbent. Although chemically stable and low in toxicity, protective equipment is recommended to avoid inhalation during handling.

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