What is a Nitric acid (HNO₃)?

Nitric acid (HNO₃) is a strong, highly corrosive acid that is typically colorless or pale yellow in liquid form. It has a pungent odor and is a powerful oxidizing agent. Nitric acid is produced through the reaction of nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) with water and is a crucial industrial chemical. It is widely used in the production of fertilizers, explosives, chemicals, and metal cleaning. A significant application of nitric acid is in the manufacturing of ammonium nitrate (NH₄NO₃), a key component in fertilizer production. Nitric acid is also essential for the production of explosives, such as dynamite and gunpowder.

In addition, nitric acid is used in metal pickling and passivation treatments, where it helps clean metal surfaces by removing oxide layers. It is vital in preventing corrosion in metals such as steel and stainless steel. Due to its strong oxidizing properties, nitric acid is highly corrosive and hazardous. It can cause severe irritation or damage to the skin and eyes, and its vapors are harmful if inhaled. Proper handling, storage in acid-resistant containers, and the use of protective equipment are essential when working with nitric acid to ensure safety.

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