What is a Switching Power Supply (SMPS)?

A Switching Power Supply (SMPS) is a power conversion device that efficiently converts input AC or DC power into a stable DC output using a high-frequency switching method. It operates by rapidly switching a power transistor on and off, converting the energy into high-frequency signals, which are then transformed, rectified, and filtered to produce the desired output. Compared to traditional linear power supplies, switching power supplies offer greater efficiency, smaller size, and lighter weight. They are widely used in industrial machinery, communication systems, medical devices, and consumer electronics due to reduced heat and energy loss.

Typical features include:
✅ Protection functions (overcurrent, overvoltage, overheating, short-circuit)
✅ Adjustable output voltage
✅ Isolated or non-isolated designs
However, due to high-frequency operation, proper EMI (electromagnetic interference) suppression through filters and shielding is often necessary in the design.

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