What is a Brake caliper?

A brake caliper is a crucial component of a vehicle's braking system, particularly in disc brakes, where it serves to clamp the brake pads against the brake disc to create friction that slows down or stops the vehicle. The brake caliper is responsible for generating the force needed to control the vehicle’s speed by pressing the brake pads onto the disc.

There are two main types of brake calipers:

Floating Caliper: This type only applies the brake pad to one side of the brake disc. When the brakes are applied, the caliper floats and presses the opposite pad against the disc. This structure is simpler and lighter, and is commonly used for front-wheel brakes.
Fixed Caliper: In this type, the caliper presses the brake pads on both sides of the brake disc. It generates more braking force than the floating caliper and is typically found in sports cars or high-performance vehicles.

The brake caliper works in conjunction with an air compressor or hydraulic system to adjust the pressure that presses the brake pads onto the disc. The heat generated by the friction of the brake pads is also absorbed by the caliper. Materials like aluminum or cast iron are commonly used for calipers, as they offer both lightweight properties and good heat conductivity.

If the brake caliper malfunctions, it can have a significant impact on the vehicle’s braking performance. Therefore, regular inspection and maintenance are crucial. Issues such as worn seals or brake pads can lead to malfunctions, and early detection is key to maintaining safety and performance.

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