What is a Hydroxyproline (C₅H₉NO₃)?

Hydroxyproline (C₅H₉NO₃) is an amino acid that is primarily found in collagen, an essential protein in connective tissues such as skin, bones, tendons, and cartilage. It is formed by the enzymatic hydroxylation of proline, a common amino acid, during collagen synthesis. The addition of a hydroxyl group (-OH) to proline produces hydroxyproline, which plays a crucial role in stabilizing collagen's triple helix structure, thereby enhancing the stability and elasticity of the collagen fibers.

Hydroxyproline is vital for the integrity and function of connective tissues, contributing to tissue repair and regeneration, as well as maintaining skin health. Because of its role in collagen structure, hydroxyproline is also used as a biomarker to assess collagen turnover. Elevated levels of hydroxyproline in blood or urine can indicate excessive collagen breakdown, which can be associated with diseases such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis.

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