What is a Sodium polystyrene sulfonate?

Sodium polystyrene sulfonate is a water-soluble or gel-like polyelectrolyte formed by introducing sulfonic acid groups (-SO₃H) into a polystyrene backbone and neutralizing it with sodium ions. It is primarily used in medical and industrial applications. In medicine, it functions as a "cation exchange resin" and is used to treat hyperkalemia, a condition characterized by elevated potassium levels in the blood. It works by exchanging sodium for potassium in the gastrointestinal tract, thereby removing excess potassium from the body. Industrially, it is used in water treatment, ion exchange processes, conductive polymers, and as a catalyst support. It is chemically stable and resistant to acids and alkalis, making it suitable for use under various conditions. However, when used pharmaceutically, it must be administered carefully due to possible side effects, and only under medical supervision.

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