What is a Benzoic acid (C₇H₆O₂)?

Benzoic acid (C₇H₆O₂) is an aromatic carboxylic acid that appears as a white crystalline solid or powder with a mild sweet odor. It consists of a benzene ring (C₆H₆) attached to a carboxyl group (-COOH), making it a stable and widely used compound in various industries. Benzoic acid has been traditionally used as a preservative due to its antimicrobial and antifungal properties. It is commonly used in the food industry as a preservative in products like juices, jams, sauces, and pickles. Additionally, it is employed in cosmetics and pharmaceuticals as a preservative to prevent bacterial and fungal growth.

Thanks to its aromatic properties, benzoic acid is also used as an ingredient in fragrances and aromatherapy oils. Furthermore, it serves as an important intermediate in dye production and chemical synthesis. Many pharmaceutical and chemical compounds are derived from benzoic acid. While benzoic acid is generally considered to have low toxicity, excessive consumption can cause poisoning. Regulations limit its use in food and pharmaceuticals to ensure safety.

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