What is a Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅)?

Phosphorus pentachloride (PCl₅) is an inorganic compound composed of phosphorus and chlorine. At room temperature, it appears as a pale yellow crystalline solid or powder. It reacts violently with water, undergoing hydrolysis to produce phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) and hydrogen chloride (HCl), making it highly moisture-sensitive. Therefore, it is stored in sealed, dry containers. PCl₅ is mainly used as a chlorinating and dehydrating agent in organic synthesis, particularly for converting carboxylic acids to acid chlorides. It also plays a role in the production of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes, as well as in semiconductor and glass treatment.

It is highly corrosive and irritating, requiring protective equipment when handling. Proper ventilation is essential during use.

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