What is a Magnesium oxide (MgO)?

Magnesium oxide (MgO) is an inorganic compound composed of magnesium and oxygen, appearing as a white solid. It occurs naturally as the mineral periclase and is industrially produced by calcining magnesium carbonate or magnesium hydroxide. MgO has a very high melting point (around 2,800°C) and excellent refractory properties, making it ideal for furnace linings and refractory bricks. It also serves as an electrical insulator in electronics due to its thermal and chemical stability.

In medicine, MgO is used as an antacid and a laxative. It neutralizes stomach acid and promotes bowel movements. It is also approved as a food additive (E530). It is hygroscopic and reacts with water to form magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)₂), requiring sealed storage in humid environments. As a basic oxide, it reacts with acids to form salts and water. MgO's wide-ranging applications make it an essential compound in many industries.

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