What is a Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO₃)₃)?

Bismuth nitrate (Bi(NO₃)₃) is an inorganic compound formed by the reaction of bismuth and nitric acid. It typically appears as a white or colorless crystalline solid and is often found as the pentahydrate form, Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O. It is hygroscopic and can hydrolyze easily in moist air, making it relatively unstable. In organic synthesis, bismuth nitrate serves as a catalyst and oxidizing agent, especially in reactions like acetal formation and various oxidation processes. It was once used in pharmaceutical preparations such as gastrointestinal medications but has largely been replaced by more stable bismuth compounds.

Bismuth nitrate is also used in cosmetics, pigments, fireworks, and analytical chemistry. In qualitative analysis, it helps detect specific metal ions. Although bismuth itself is low in toxicity, bismuth nitrate contains nitrate groups that can irritate the skin and eyes. Proper handling includes protective gear and storage in sealed containers, avoiding contact with flammable substances due to its oxidizing nature.

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