What is a Surge Protective Device / SPD?

A Surge Protection Device (SPD) is installed to protect electronic equipment and electrical systems from damage caused by overvoltage. Surges, or transient voltage spikes, can be triggered by lightning strikes, power switching, or the on-off operations of large equipment, posing significant risks, especially to sensitive equipment and data communication systems. The SPD detects these surges and instantly redirects excess voltage to the ground, keeping the voltage within a safe range and preventing device failure or data loss.

SPDs are generally installed in distribution panels, outlets, or directly on equipment and are classified into three main types. Type 1 SPDs handle high currents, such as those from direct lightning strikes, while Type 2 SPDs protect against residual surges within buildings. Type 3 SPDs serve as a final defense for smaller equipment. By combining various SPDs within a system, they help improve power stability and extend the lifespan of electrical equipment.

Application of Surge Protective Device / SPD

Examples of applications for Surge Protection Devices include:
１．Data Centers: Data centers require SPDs to protect servers and storage systems from power surges due to lightning or voltage fluctuations. Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are typically installed in the main distribution panels to safeguard critical data and systems.
２．Factories and Manufacturing Equipment: In factories, where large machines and robots operate continuously, power spikes are common. SPDs help prevent downtime in production lines and extend the lifespan of machinery.
３．Commercial and Office Buildings: In commercial buildings with many computers, communication devices, and lighting systems, SPDs are commonly installed. Type 2 and Type 3 SPDs are used to protect the building’s entire electrical system and electronic devices.
４．Home Appliance Protection: In households, SPDs can be installed in outlets or power strips to protect appliances like TVs, computers, and refrigerators from lightning and power anomalies. Type 3 SPDs are typically used in these cases.

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