What is a Phenylalanine?

Phenylalanine is an amino acid with the chemical formula C₉H₁₁NO₂. It is an essential amino acid, meaning that it cannot be synthesized by the body and must be obtained from the diet. Phenylalanine is classified as an aromatic amino acid due to its phenyl group (C₆H₅) and plays a crucial role in protein synthesis. In the body, phenylalanine is a precursor to important neurotransmitters, including dopamine, norepinephrine, and epinephrine. These neurotransmitters are essential for proper nervous system function and health. Phenylalanine is also used in the production of aspartame, a widely used artificial sweetener.

Phenylalanine is found in various protein sources, both animal and plant-based. However, individuals with a genetic disorder known as phenylketonuria (PKU) cannot metabolize phenylalanine properly, leading to harmful effects on the brain and nervous system. As a result, PKU patients must follow a strict diet that limits phenylalanine intake.

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