What is a Sodium chloride (NaCl)?

Sodium chloride (NaCl), commonly known as table salt, is an inorganic compound composed of sodium (Na) and chlorine (Cl). It has the chemical formula NaCl and is widely used in daily life for cooking, as well as in many industrial and medical applications. Sodium chloride is typically a colorless or white crystalline solid and is highly soluble in water. When dissolved, it dissociates into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions. Sodium chloride is abundant in nature, especially in seawater and rock salt, which are primary sources. Seawater contains about 3.5% sodium chloride, making it a major source of this compound. In industries, sodium chloride is used not only as table salt but also as a raw material in chemical processes, water treatment, and pharmaceuticals. It is also used as a coolant and antifreeze agent, particularly for preventing road ice during winter.

In medicine, sodium chloride solutions, known as saline, are commonly used for intravenous hydration and treating dehydration. Sodium chloride is essential for maintaining electrolyte balance in the body and plays a role in nerve transmission, muscle contraction, and fluid regulation. Sodium chloride is chemically stable and does not easily decompose at high temperatures. This stability makes it easy to store and use globally. However, excessive intake of sodium chloride can lead to health issues such as high blood pressure, so moderation is recommended.

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